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什么是免隔夜利息交易账户?它是如何运作的?

线上交易是开放的,任何有兴趣的人都可以进行交易。它不限于任何特定的职业、国家或地理区域。 您只需要开户、存入资金,即可随时开始交易。

尽管日内交易没有任何限制或局限,但一些宗教团体可能会因其信仰而在交易投资时面临各种限制。而「免掉期交易账户」正是最理想的选择。

什么是交易中的隔夜利息(Swap in Trading)?

隔夜利息是指隔夜持仓时所支付或收取的利息。按照您所交易货币的利率,隔夜利息可以为负数也可以为正数。但是,并非每个人都能支付或获得此类费用,因此大多数交易平台都提供免隔夜利息交易的选项。

免隔夜利息交易账户是完全零费用的,这意味着交易者既不支付也不收取任何费用(SWAP)。

什么是免隔夜利息交易账户(Swap-free Trading Account)?

顾名思义,这是一个不产生隔夜利息的交易账户。「隔夜利息」是当交易者持仓超过一天(隔夜)时,由券商收取的展期利息或佣金。使用免隔夜利息交易账户意味着您可以在不产生任何隔夜费用的情况下进行交易。

免隔夜利息的交易账户不会产生利息,因此非常适合穆斯林交易者。这是市场上唯一一种免息交易账户类型,因此在穆斯林交易者当中非常受欢迎。

尽管穆斯林交易者是免掉期交易账户的主要使用者,但非穆斯林交易者也可以使用,包括因宗教信仰而在外汇交易中面临限制的其他群体。根据伊斯兰法,教徒禁止参与涉及收取和/或支付利息(或 riba)的业务或合同。不过,根据先知穆罕默德的教义,兑换货币是被允许的。

因此,交易平台创建了特定的无隔夜利息交易账户,以满足不希望接受或者支付利息的交易者的需求,让交易者在不违反宗教教义的情况下参与市场。尽管关于免隔夜利息交易账户是否清真的争论一直持续到今天,但一切取决于个人行为。

穆斯林交易员认为无掉隔夜利息交易账户足以解决关于利息的宗教限制,因免隔夜利息交易账户是为了尊重伊斯兰金融的原则所创建,它也被称为「伊斯兰交易账户」。

如何计算隔夜利息?

当一个头寸保持打开状态并展期至第二天,券商将会按照货币对之间的利率差异,支付或收取差额利息。在交易日结束时,您可以选择隔夜维持头寸。其结果是产生利息,券商将向客户账户添加(支付)或扣除(收费)隔夜利息。这是外汇交易和黄金交易市场常见的操作。

利息的产生是基于金融市场闭市时交易两种货币之间的隔夜利率波动。

当头寸过夜会发生什么事?

如果您买入的货币息率高于卖出货币的息率,您就可以赚取利息,由券商直接支付至账户;不过,如果您卖出的货币息率高于您买入的货币息率,那么券商将从您的账户中扣除差额利息(即支付隔夜利息)。

需注意利息可以是正数或负数。利率差是货币对之间的利率差异。延期费用是券商从客户帐户添加或从中扣除的金额。

请记住,这可能是每晚几美元,甚至高达数百、数千美元的费用。

免隔夜利息账户如何赚钱?

免隔夜利息账户或伊斯兰账户仅通过外汇交易赚取利润。除了尊重伊斯兰法禁止利息的基本原则,免隔夜利息账户也符合了伊斯兰法禁止赌博的原则。最后,在您正式投入于交易之前,请务必深入了解保证金交易,乃至货币市场交易所涉及的所有风险。

新手投资指南:如何开始投资股票

股市是散户投资者最大的财富指标之一,这一篇带你从新手入门开始投资股票。

根据世界银行数据显示,全球股市从1975年的1.15万亿美元增长到2020年的93.96万亿美元, 这成为普通投资者财富增长的最大驱动力之一。

本文将带大家认识股票投资的基本概念。

什么是股票?

股票(stock),也被称为股权(equity),指代表发行公司所有权的证券。

股票的单位称为「股份」(shares),拥有股份的人(股东 shareholders)有权获得公司资产和利润的一小部分,与他们拥有的股票数量成比例。

股东有机会收到公司定期发放的分红,但是并非所有股票会向股东进行分红。

注意,一般而言,股票、股份和股权这几个术语可以互换使用。

如何购买股票?

股票是一种有价证券,因此可以依法买卖。最主要的买卖形式为通过证券交易所进行。

此外,股票也可以通过交易商——券商网络进行场外交易(OTC),有别于在交易所集中进行中央撮合的电子交易。

想要买入股票差价合约的投资者则可以通过互联网券商如 Vantage 进行。

互联网券商为投资者提供快速与便利的投资体验,投资者只需线上注册一个账户,即可开始购买股票,就算是小资金也可以轻松开始投资。

此外,与和传统证券商相比,互联网券商的佣金收费更低廉,能降低投资成本。

为什么要交易股票?

股票市场并非一潭死水,永远是波动的,不同股票的价格每天都会持续上下波动。

这在本质上为投资者创造了从市场走势中获利的机会。波动性越大(即价格变动越大),潜在利润或损失就越高。

交易股票的另一个原因是灵活性。通过采用正确的交易策略,精明的投资者可以在任何市场条件下创造机会。例如,在市场低迷时期做空股票,有机会在短时间内获利。

此外,由于股票背后是一家真实营运的企业,持有成功企业的股份,可长期为投资者带来回报。

简而言之,无论是短期或长期策略,都能够在股票投资里取得成功。这是股票投资长久以来备受投资者青睐的原因。

股票——投资 vs 交易

基于股票的多功能性,投资者可以操作不同投资策略。

一种是长期投资,即购买并持有股票,目的是在股价随时间上涨时实现资本增值;另一种则是短时间内买卖股票,以利用股票的波动性获利。

一般来说,这两种截然不同的投资策略可归类为「投资」与「交易」,尽管每种策略都没有一个严格的定义。

股票投资股票交易
买入——持有的长期策略在短时间内买进和卖出
目的是从长期股价上涨中获利目的是短时间内通过股票价格的波动获利
需要耐心和纪律需要掌握进阶交易策略和工具(例如:做空、杠杆等)
适合喜欢被动投资的人适合喜欢频繁交易的人

综上所述,股票投资和股票交易是两种风格迥异的投资策略。

当然,投资者没有必要将自己局限于某一策略,大可以根据自身的投资经验、偏好、投资期限和财务状况,灵活运用两种策略,既有长期持仓的股票,也有短期操作的标的,形成你独特的投资组合。

3种股票交易方式

1. 直接买进和卖出

股票交易者可以直接通过互联网券商买进一家或多家公司的股票,这是最简单的方式。

当股票价格在日后上涨到令人满意的水平时,交易者就可以在市场上出售该股票,以换取利润。

当然,交易者可以将所有获利取出离场,或将本金和利润再投资,在理想的价格买进更多股票。

此外,股票交易者也能通过灵活应用「市价单」和「限价单」,全面掌控交易时机。

挂出市价单,交易会以当前市场价格立即执行,使得交易快速完成。

挂出限价单,只有在达到交易者愿意买进的最高价格(或交易者愿意卖出的最低价格)时,才会执行交易。 反之,则交易将不会执行。

2. 使用差价合约(CFDs)

投资者也可以通过买卖差价合约(CFDs),来参与投资金融市场。股票差价合约(CFDs)是投资者和证券商就单一股票(或一篮子股票)签订一份合约,对资产的价格进行交易。

通过差价合约,交易者可以选择建立空头或多头头寸,使他们能够从股市的涨跌中创造获利机会。前提是,价格朝着对投资者有利的方向移动。

差价合约另一项特点是能使用保证金进行交易。交易者将可以较低的初始资本进行股票交易。直接买进和卖出股票限制交易者只能在所持有资本的允许范围内,尽可能买卖最多股票;而差价合约是一种杠杆产品,可让交易者扩大交易风险敞口,放大获利或亏损。

但是,需要注意的是,保证金交易会放大损益,交易者将有可能在不利条件下面临追加保证金通知(即有清算风险)。因此,交易差价合约可能会使你因为利用杠杆而面临更高的损失风险。

此外,差价合约只是金融衍生品的一种,交易者对相关股票并没有直接所有权。

3. 通过期货和期权

股票期权和期货是另一种金融衍生品,同样可用于交易股票。

期权是一种「交易者有权利(但没有义务)在指定时间段内以固定价格买入或卖出股票」的合约。

交易者可以选择买入看涨期权(多头)或看跌期权(空头),以利用股价的涨跌获利。除此之外,交易者也可以选择卖出(write)期权。

为了换取买进或卖出期权所代表资产的权利,期权的买方需向卖方支付溢价。你可以将其视为一种首付款,购买期权的费用。

交易者不一定要执行该期权,也可以选择让期权到期而不再具有任何价值。当这种情况发生时,期权买方的损失等于买进时所付出的溢价,而这也将成为卖方的收益。

股票期货则规定了交易者有义务在未来的某个特定日期时,以事先确定的价格,进行标的股票特定数量的买卖。

与期权不同,交易者不能任由期货合约到期并作废。股票期货合约的买卖双方必须在交割日之前交易资产,或是在此之前卖出合约,或将合约展期为新的期货合约。

机构投资者一般会利用期货来锁定商品价格。例如,航空公司可能会购买一份期货合约来对冲未来燃料价格的上涨。同理,咖啡豆种植者也可能会出售一份期货合约来保证他所种植的咖啡豆的底价。

散户投资者还可以利用股票期货预测该股票的价格走势,以投机获取利润。

当交易者确信该股票价格会上涨时,可购买股票期货合约。如果股价确实上涨,交易者便可卖出该期货合约并获利。

但是,如果股价并没有照着交易者的预测发展,价格下跌,交易者仍有义务以期货合约规定的价格,即高于市场价格来买进该股票,履行合约责任。

值得一提的是,期货是以保证金交易的,而这会扩大收益和损失。再加上期货合约为每日结算,买卖双方均承担最大责任,所以使用期货进行股票交易具有高度风险。

股票市场的5种交易风格

随着资本市场的发展,当今全球股票市场体量超万亿美元。任何人只需要一台智能手机或平板电脑,即可进入股市参与交易。不管是投资小白或成熟的交易者,每个交易者都有平等的机会,在股市持有、买入或卖出股票。成千上万的公司供您选择进行投资和交易,从苹果、亚马逊到特斯拉,只要是挂牌上市的公司,都可以进行交易。

股票市场上的交易风格五花八门,取决于您偏好什么样的交易方式。选择一个适合您的交易风格或策略,对您长期在市场里的表现至关重要。

为什么有不同的交易风格?

每位交易者都是独特的,这意味着他们对于入场和出场交易的时机、交易的频率以及持仓时间都有不同想法。交易策略往往反映了交易者的个性和脾气,而且很大程度上还取决于交易者的交易信心、风险承受能力和账户规模。通过不停的学习和尝试,找到最适合您的交易风格十分重要。

您是一个渴望快速得到结果的人吗?或是您更倾向于在价格波动时按兵不动,等待长期的回报?当您选择的交易风格与您的性格和生活方式越相融,您便越有可能成为一名成功的交易者。

股市的主要交易风格有哪些?

在股市里,有三种最普遍使用的交易风格,来自世界各地的交易者运用这三种交易方式,参与交易全球数百种金融产品和市场。

  • 日内交易

选择日内交易,代表您想在同一天内快速行动,利用短期市场波动获利。您将在同一天内开仓和平仓,以规避隔夜持仓的风险和额外成本。日内交易主要涉及在快速变动的市场中执行大量的订单,以通过价格波动赚取价差。这种交易策略又称为「日间交易」或「剥头皮交易」。

  • 波段交易

波段交易策略的持仓时间比日内交易更长,可能持有几天至几周不等。交易者将在判断中短期的价格走势后确定入场和出场时机,旨在从长期价格趋势中获利,同时避免区间震荡市场。

在价格上涨时发现「波段高点」,或在价格下跌时发现「波段低点」将是交易者「做多」或「做空」的机会。如果您的时间有限、富有耐心和有组织能力,那么您可能适合执行波段交易。这是因为身为一名波段交易者,您一般需要花一两个小时查看您的交易、监测市场。

  • 仓位交易/长线交易

仓位交易倾向于长期持有资产,不管是做多或做空。这使得交易者不关心短期的价格波动,而更专注于长期的市场趋势和主题。短期内轻微的价格波动不会引起太大关注,同时持仓会相对少而集中,以高仓位为主。

这种「买入并持有」的策略可能更类似于传统的股票投资。使用这种策略的交易者一般更有耐心并有时间研究市场。他们每周可能只花几个小时研究潜在的交易机会,再确定入场和出场价格。

什么是基本面交易?

基本面交易者会利用宏观经济和微观经济分析,了解市场供需的影响、研究这将如何影响资产的价值和价格。当中包括中央银行政策、地缘政治事件、公司季度及年度报表、资产负债表内容等。理论上任何能提供资产价值和未来发展的资讯,都是基本面交易者关注的。

基本面分析的优缺点

  • 非常适合长期投资,交易者通常会倾注更多的时间来研究资产的真实价值
  • 可以对经济、行业和企业有深入了解
  • 无需研究历史价格走势或技术图表指标

基本面分析往往需要对新闻报道或财务报表有较深入了解,才能形成长期和可持续的观点。分析结果也可能相对复杂,不太适合想要短期利润的交易者。

什么是技术面交易?

与基本面交易者常提问「为什么」相反,技术面分析者则对「什么」比较感兴趣。通过研究图表上的历史价格走势和趋势,交易者可以确定当前和未来的交易条件。技术面交易的目标是从图表中找到支撑点和阻力点,以决定入场和出场时机。

技术面分析的优缺点

  • 可在任何时间范围或多个时间范围中使用(从一分钟线图至月线图)
  • 通过准确了解入场和出场时机来构建完整的风险管理
  • 可以与基本面分析、情绪型交易等其他交易类型结合使用

值得注意的是,使用技术面分析进行交易并不是一门精确的科学。因为没有人能保证未来的价格趋势将和历史的价格趋势相近,交易者可能会得到模棱两可的信号。这意味着制定稳健的风险管理策略非常重要,以保护自己避免蒙受不必要的亏损。

结论

市场上有不同的交易风格,找到最符合个人财务状况、个性、情绪结构和生活方式的交易风格,是成为成功交易者的重要组成部分。

不同的交易风格在分析方式、持仓时间和投入股市的时间上截然不同。

切记,投资的要诀之一是「始终如一」——保持一致性的交易风格,交易成果自然也是一致的。

交易美国财报季:你应该知道的几件事

对于参与全球最大股市的投资者来说,财报季是最备受关注的时期,大多数上市公司都会在这段时间公布季度业绩,而这些业绩结果将对股价波动影响巨大。

季度报表,正式名称为 Form 10-Q,是市场监管机构——美国证券交易委员会(SEC)要求上市公司每三个月向股东和公众发布的季度营运状况报告。

在美国财报季期间,公司将披露关键信息,让投资者更清楚地了解报告期内的业务状况。这包括许多企业的关键指标,例如收入增长、毛利率、营业利润率和对未来增长的指引。

财报季在什么时候?

大部分的美国上市公司会遵循日历年来设置会计年度,因此,公司的季度报表通常会在每一个季度结束后的两个月内发布。

例如,遵循日历年,以传统1月至3月底为第一季度(Q1)的公司通常会在4月底至5月底的任何时间发布其季度报表。

不过,也有上市公司会自行定义公司的财政年(Fiscal Year)和财政季度(Fiscal Quarters),设置任意一个连续12个月为会计周期,以报告经营活动。

以 Zoom 为例,这家视频会议公司以每年2月1日至次年1月31日设置为财政年,其2023财政年第一季度(Q1 FY2023)涵盖截至 2022年4月30日为止的三个月。因此,该公司于今年5月下旬公布了该期间的季度报表。

财报季的重要性

财报季对投资者至关重要,原因有几个。首先,它为投资者(和股票分析师)提供了分析和重新评估企业前景的机会。

如前所述,对相关股票的评估是基于财报披露的最新数据,但更重要的,还是管理层所提供的企业未来发展指引。这份指引涵盖了管理层对公司未来的一些财务指标所做出的假设,从收入增长到营业利润率,这些数字将是下个季度和整个财年的收入指引。有些企业甚至会发布更长期的3至5年的指引,以供投资者和股票分析师参考。这些财务数据和管理层指引都会直接影响股价波动。如果该指引不符合市场的期望,譬如太高或太低,股价将有可能面临大幅波动。

财报季如何影响交易?

由于市场会对企业所发布的财报乃至指引作出反应,因此财报季是股市波动较大的时期。而且,企业一般会在市场交易时间以外,即盘前或盘后时段公布季度报表。股价的反应可能会受盘前和盘后交易较低的流动性影响而被放大,在短时间内被极速推升上涨或下跌。

财报季值得关注的企业

在美股财报季来临之际,投资者应留意高市值和高流动性的股票。因为这些股票具有更高的流动性,并获得投行分析师的更多关注,意味着市场更倾向于关注这些股票的业绩,投资者或有机会利用股价波动进行投机或套利。

这类型股票涵盖了所有大型科技股,例如:

  • Microsoft 微软
  • Apple 苹果
  • Meta Platforms 脸书母公司
  • Alphabet 谷歌母公司
  • Amazon 亚马逊
  • Nvidia 英伟达
  • Tesla 特斯拉

其他流动性高的大型蓝筹科技股也将会引起市场的关注,其中包括 Salesforce.com、Adobe 和 ServiceNow 等。

在其他领域,摩根大通 JPMorgan Chase、强生 Johnson & Johnson、星巴克 Starbucks、家得宝 Home Depot 等大型蓝筹股也是投资者可以关注的股票。

财报季是入场交易的好时机吗?

管理层对企业未来的指引和宏观经济表现都将影响个股价格涨跌,而个股表现也会给大盘带来很大波动。

总体而言,激烈的市场波动对短线交易型投资者来说是一个积极因素。

一家企业的财报表现也会影响同行业之间不同企业的股价表现。因此,在分析股票时,投资者需了解有哪些事件正在推动股价走势变化。

如何利用差价合约在财报季赚钱?

交易者可以利用差价合约(CFD),在美股财报季中寻找获利机会。这是因为通过使用差价合约,投资者能「做多」或「做空」股票。

最后,在财报季时,投资者谨记应专注于制定合适的交易计划,以正确管理交易组合的风险水平。

一篇文章搞懂利率:什么是利率?利率将会对经济带来什么影响?

中央银行最主要的职责是维持经济正常运转——这意味着整体经济不能过太热,但是也不能太过冷,而是处于平衡状态。当经济开始加速并「过热」时,通货膨胀将会失控。这时就需要政策制定者介入并提高利率,让经济降温、保持稳定增长。

作为全世界最具影响力的金融机构,美联储(US Federal Reserve)当前正通过多次加息的举措,地抗击高通胀,同时竭力不抑制经济增长。虽然美联储有许多手段可以遏制通胀,但毫无疑问地,他们选择了最粗暴也最有效的方式——调整利率。

在多年近乎于零利率的水平之后,金融市场开始意识到利率走高,将对不同的资产类别产生深远的影响。

究竟利率为什么至关重要?利率飙升时市场将产生什么变化?本文将带大家了解利率的作用、和通货膨胀的相关性,以及对货币政策的影响。

什么是利率

简单来说,利率是贷款的成本,或是存款的回报。

  • 如果你是借贷人,利率是你借贷所需付出的成本。利率越高,借贷需要偿还的利息就越高。
  • 如果你是存款者,利率是你存入本金后可以得到的利息收入。利率越高,你的存款得到的利息也就越多。

当人们在讲「美联储利率」和「Fed 利率」时,指的是联邦基金利率或联邦基金目标利率。这是美国商业银行间借入和借出隔夜超额准备金所收取的利率。这些金融机构通过隔夜贷款来满足监管机构设定的最低资本流动要求,Fed 便是监管方其中之一。

  • 联邦公开市场委员会(FOMC)是美联储的分支机构,负责制定包括利率在内的货币政策方向。
  • 委员会每年定期召开八次会议以决议联邦基金利率的指标。委员会将调整货币供应量,使利率朝向目标利率移动。
  • 委员会针对美国宏观经济发展状态(如通胀水平或其他可能影响经济持续增长的因素)进行评估后,再做出利率调整的决策,为经济成长保驾护航。

总的来说,联邦基金利率,或简称美联储利率,是美国经济发展中最主要的银行指导性利率基准。利率的浮动将会影响全球的经济变动。

为什么利率这么重要?

利率之所以至关重要,是因为它将从多方面影响经济,最显著的是直接决定了借贷成本。

当利率升高,企业的发展将会受到限制,比如导致削减投资购买新设备的预算、减缓雇佣新工人的步伐。这是因为贷款的成本将会随着利率上调而增加,相比承担高昂的融资成本,手握现金无疑更具有吸引力。企业倾向减少贷款和开销,并且增加存款,为可能到来的资金周转风险提前作准备。而这些举动将进一步打击已经放缓的经济活动;

另一方面,当利率降低,银行将会放宽贷款要求。借贷的门槛低了,愿意借钱的人自然变多。贷款一旦上涨,推动零售和资本支出也将明显增长,继而起到振兴经济的作用。

事实上,长期的低利率政策的确让市场变得异常「滚烫」。一如这几年我们所观察的,大量资本流入高风险资产以寻求更高的收益,市场的空前火热程度令人咋舌。

利率的变化对于货币和外汇市场有着非常关键的影响,银行利率将决定资本从一个国家流入或流出。人们持有某货币,首先衡量的是该货币是否能提供更丰厚的收益,因此无论是投资者、商业银行或企业,都在寻找高利率和经济强劲增长的国家。当某个国家的利率上调,境外资金涌入,对该市场货币的需求将会相应增加,从而推动该货币走强。2022年美元的走势偏好就是最好的例子。

 为什么利率会上调?

美联储以及大多数中央银行的主要责任是设定利率,以最大程度提高国内就业率,避免市场价格过于波动,维持国家经济稳定。

当市场价格稳定,意味着出现温和的通货膨胀——物价稳步上涨(而非猛烈飙升),促进经济平稳发展。

美联储等中央银行接二连三采取利率上调的措施,最终的目的正是帮助将通胀回落至合适的上涨率。他们必须通过进行通胀预测,使通货膨胀率基本保持在低水平。FOMC 当前的平均通胀率长期目标为2%。

2022年,通货膨胀率在各种因素的催化下达到了几十年来的高位,这导致美联储不得不采取加息措施以抑制通胀。

  • 自新冠危机开始以来,生活成本急剧上升。
  • 新冠肺炎和俄乌冲突致使全球供应链问题和能源价格上涨。
  • 美国劳动力市场紧张,就业市场供需之间持续失衡,推动美国国内通胀持续走高。

利率和通货膨胀

美联储用加息抗击通胀的决心毋庸置疑。不过,利率的变化需要一定的时间才能发挥作用并影响经济,因此美联储对万物暴涨的现状确实无能为力。但长远来说,积极推高利率可以帮助通胀回落到2%的长期目标。现阶段大多数经济学家认为,通胀可能会在2022年长期保持高位,然后才会出现回落。

美联储激进的加息将会达到什么程度?取决于整体经济数据,以及未来几年通胀率的水平。「终端利率」对投资者和政策制定者来说都是一个关键因素。毫无疑问美联储将继续保持激进货币政策,目前联邦基金利率已经升到3%。值得注意的是,过去50年美国的平均利率超过5%。向终端利率迈进的征途仍在继续。

当然,美联储预计利率并不会达到历史利率中的峰值。FOMC 将持续评估整体市场经济表现,并预计在接下来的几次议息会议将继续加息。FOMC 每年固定八次在华盛顿展开议息会议,平均每六周一次。加息还有很长的路要走。

什么是拆股?对投资者、交易者有何影响

2022年7月15日,谷歌母公司 Alphabet 执行了20比1的股票分割。 在今年较早前,科技巨擎亚马逊和加拿大电商公司 Shopify 也分别按20比1和10比1完成一次拆股。华尔街迎来了密集的拆股热潮。

作为长期投资者或日内交易者,这或许让你开始思考,为什么企业要进行拆股?拆股将如何影响你的投资计划?拆股是个好的交易机会吗?

本文将带大家了解拆股的原理,以及投资者的持仓在拆股前后会受到什么影响。

什么是拆股?

拆股,又称「股票分割」,顾名思义是上市公司按一定比例分割现有股份的过程。

拆股交易生效之后,企业的流通股数量将会增加,但不会改变股东权益或公司的市值。

举个例子。

假设某公司发行了1,000股,每股价格为1,000美元。该公司的市值为1,000美元 x 1,000美元 = 1,000,000美元。如若公司进行「一拆二」,那公司发行的股票将增加至2,000股,每股价格为500美元。

这意味着投资者原本持有的每一股,在拆股后变成了两股——但持股总值保持不变,其他一切也不变。

为什么企业要进行拆股?

公司进行拆股的一个常见原因是为了降低股价。由于股票交易需要成批进行(100股或1手的倍数,如1手、10手),对于资金较少、或希望分散投资组合的投资者来说,高股价可能会令人望而却步。

而拆股,会降低股价和投资门槛,从而吸引更多投资者参投,这有助于提高股票的流动性。

对于向员工发放股票期权的公司,拆股将提供员工在套现部分股票方面拥有更大的灵活性,同时提高员工行使期权的意愿。

知名上市企业的拆股计划还起着其他作用——股价利好刺激。一般而言,在公司宣布拆股的最初阶段,以及拆股交易正式执行前的几周内,市场将高度关注该股走势,甚至推动股价短暂上涨。不过,虽然拆股计划能够刺激投资者兴趣,但不太可能显著影响投资者的购买欲望。

拆股是如何执行的?

拆股过程有四个值得关注的关键阶段与日期。

公告日期(Announcement Date):这是公司正式、公开宣布拆股计划,并披露分割比例和后续两个阶段的执行日期等详细信息。

股权登记日期(Record Date):指确定有资格获取配股的股东的日期。投资者必须在股权登记日收盘前买入该公司股票,以登记在公司股东名册上,获取配股的权力。但这一天是相对技术性的说法,投资者在股权登记日之后仍然可以买卖股票,新股将按比例配发。

生效日期(Effective Date):英文简称「ex-date」,指公司股票在拆股交易完成后,正式按照拆分调整后的价格在交易所交易的日期。

配股日期(Payment Date):英文简称「pay date」,这是拆股正式完成及生效的日期。新股将按照拆分比派发给投资者,并自动存入股东的持仓。

近期市场上值得注意的拆股计划

以下是近期执行拆股的知名公司,以及即将进行拆股的公司。

亚马逊:在2022年5月进行了20-1的拆股。

Shopify:在2022年6月进行了10-1的拆股。

Alphabet:在2022年7月进行了20-1的拆股。

特斯拉:提议拆股 3-1,日期待确认。

我应该在拆股之前或之后进场买入?

股票拆分通常会引起很多媒体关注,带动投资者的投资热情,而这些关注与兴趣对公司而言是把双面刃。一方面,拆股可能会重新激发市场对该公司的兴趣;但另一方面,公司可能需接受额外的审查。

无论拆股后股价的走势如何,拆股一般都是刺激股价上涨的利好因素,市场上不乏机会主义者和交易者进场交易,推动股票的短期波动增加。

别忘了,股价并不是投资者和交易者在决定交易时最重要的指标。

日内交易者更关注股票的交易量数据,并尝试从图表中辨别动量,找出交易机会。而长期投资者可能对公司的增长前景、行业趋势、资产负债表以及管理团队是否优秀更感兴趣。

因此,当市场的交易热度被媒体和专业分析师的广泛讨论炒得居高不下时,排除市场噪音、按照自己的分析方法做好股票研究、制定交易计划,才是谨慎的投资者和交易者最明智的做法。

Stock markets rebound as bond yields hit the heights

Overnight Headlines

*JPM CEO says 2022 could bring more than four Fed rate hikes

*Asian stocks mixed as China locks down second city

*Fed’s Powell vows to prevent inflation becoming “entrenched”

*US, Russia talks yield modest progress amid Ukraine crisis

US equities reversed most of their earlier losses, helping the Nasdaq break a four-day losing streak. The great rotation nearly turned into a grand selloff as US markets traded more than 2% lower. But by the close, the tech-heavy Nasdaq had eked out a gain of 0.05%, the S&P500 closed down 0.14% and the Dow finished with a loss (-0.45%). Healthcare was the main outperforming sector with tech closing 0.1% higher after starting the day heavily in the red. Asian stocks are mixed while futures are modestly lower.

USD gained on Monday as US bond yields hit highs last seen in January 2020. The 10-year Treasury yield posted a top above 1.80% before closing below the 200-week SMA and a long-term 50% Fib level (November 2018-March 2020). The DXY jumped above 96 but was unable to hold its gains. EUR continues to track sideways, but USD/JPY fell 0.3% to 115.23 for a fourth day of declines and at the lowest in a week. AUD and NZD recovered some of their losses.

Market Thoughts –BTD

The turnaround in US stocks was quite something, after the indices looked to be falling very deeply into the red. Rotation out of tech and into value stocks was eventually reversed and a strong reversal indicator (hammer candle) was posted on the broader S&P500 and to a lesser extent on the Nasdaq.

Is it time to buy the dip? A prominent Wall Street analyst put out a note saying markets can withstand higher yields, as well as Omicron, and the pullback in reaction to the Fed minutes is arguably overdone. Policy tightening is likely to be gradual and is occurring in a strong cyclical recovery.

Earnings season kicks off this week with the big banks reporting on Friday. While the timing of rate hikes has ramped up very recently, many will be looking at the direction of real earnings.

Chart of the Day – Nasdaq’s impressive comeback

The Nasdaq Composite officially broke below its 200-day SMA at 14,688 yesterday. The last time the price traded under this widely watched indicator was back in April 2020. Prices also moved below the 38.2% retracement of the 2021 trading range at 14,754.

But the rebound was quite extraordinary and the close into the green and above both those markers, which now become strong support, is technically positive. The index even closed just above the recent December lows around 14,931. The next Fib level is at 15,311 which is just above the 100-day SMA at 15,274.

Week Ahead: US CPI in focus after volatile week kicks off 2022

Markets are expected to remain volatile after the FOMC minutes last week lit a spark under rates markets. US bond yields have enjoyed a rip-roaring start to the year as bonds have plummeted and the Fed finally starts to tackle persistent price pressures, a tight labour market and robust economic outlook.

Hot inflation will no doubt grab the headlines this week with Wednesday’s release of the US CPI data for December. Numerous analysts forecast a headline print above 7% and the core moving towards 5.4%, with the usual suspects (shelter costs, wage inflation, vehicle prices) continuing to drive prices higher.

With the labour market pretty much in line with the Fed’s maximum-employment goal, even allowing for Friday’s NFP headline disappointment, any surprises in the data could reinforce or reverse some of the year’s market momentum, depending on their direction. A first Fed rate hike in March is now 90% priced in, though the consensus long dollar trade is yet to ignite. The rotation out of growth stocks into value sectors should continue.


Major risk events of the week

10 January 2022, Monday:

-Eurozone Sentix Confidence Survey: Investor morale fell in December to its lowest level since April, while a current conditions index dropped for a third month. Renewed restrictions to contain the Omicron variant are set to cloud the growth outlook further.

12 January 2022, Wednesday:

-US CPI: The must-watch figure of the week may see the headline rate above 7% – near a 40-year high – and the core rising well above 5%. Although it is not the Fed’s preferred measure of inflation, the data is expected to reinforce the Fed’s more hawkish narrative and could push the DXY out of its current range.

14 January 2022, Friday:

-UK November GDP: Economists see slightly faster growth, mainly due to better activity in the services sector. Although momentum may slow in the next few months due to Omicron, hopes are high for a Spring rebound. GBP rose to two-month highs last week on short-covering and as markets ramped up BoE hike bets.

-US Retail Sales: Sales rose for a fourth straight month in November, after surging 1.8% in October. This was a likely payback from consumers starting their holiday shopping early to avoid empty shelves. A rotation in spending from goods to services may drag on the data.

Nervous markets to monitor North American jobs data

Overnight Headlines

*US yields climb to 1.75% as markets grapple with rate hike, Fed balance sheet

*Gold heads for biggest weekly loss in six on hawkish Fed minutes

*Asia stocks trade mixed as markets await monthly jobs data

*Eurozone flash HICP figure is expected to ease to 4.7%

US equities initially rebounded in early trade but failed to hold on to gains by the close. Higher yields saw cyclical value trades outperform with the Dow and S&P500 both closing modestly lower. Rotation is still the major story with energy and banks contrasting with tech underperformance. Asia is eking out some gains while futures are similarly modestly in the green.

USD continues to trade in a narrow range with EUR still tracking around 1.13. Rangebound markets do eventually break out and the longer the sideways trade, the more expansion we should see. EUR/GBP moved higher but continues to close below 0.8350. USD/JPY printed a narrow “inside” day consolidating just below 116. AUD and NZD lead the declines this week.

Market Thoughts –NFP Day

The first Friday of the month means we get the main US jobs data. Consensus expects a headline print of 426k, so potentially more than double the prior disappointing 210k reading in November. The unemployment rate is forecast to decline from 4.2% to 4.1%, which would be the lowest since February 2020 (3.5%). Average hourly earnings are set to remain robust at 0.4% M/M and 4.1% Y/Y. Other employment numbers have been buoyant with solid weekly initial jobless claims and bumper ADP growth on Wednesday, though the latter is fairly unreliable indicator.

The Fed has laid its cards out in its latest minutes. There’s an 80% chance of a rate hike in March and equity markets have been spooked. The dollar should be well supported by inline data or a beat for sure, while dip buyers will be out in force on a miss. Economists will be looking out for another increase in the participation rate, which could signal that labour shortages are easing.

Chart of the Day – USD/CAD buffeted by risk backdrop

We also get Canada jobs numbers at the same time as this afternoon’s NFP. CAD got roughed up on Wednesday’s FOMC minutes and remains sensitive by the broader risk mood, even as oil marches north. The market is actually assigning the BoC with more chance of a March hike than the Fed (22 bps) with more tightening through the year too. This should eventually offer support to the loonie going forward.

USD/CAD topped out again above 1.29 in mid-December like it did on a few occasions earlier in the year. Prices then fell below trendline support from the late October low and briefly below the 50-day SMA at 1.2685. The 100-day SMA has acted as support at 1.2624 and the pair has consolidated above 1.27. Resistance is 1.2810/15 where yesterday’s spike high failed around the July high.

Hawkish FOMC minutes causes a tech rout

Overnight Headlines

*Fed warns faster rate rises may be needed to tame surging inflation

*Nasdaq posts biggest daily drop since February, Asia tech stocks plunge

*US 10-year Treasury bond yields continue to rise, above 1.73%

*US private payrolls jump with broad increases led by leisure and hospitality

US equities tumbled immediately after the Fed minutes, as they stoked worries about the prospect of earlier and faster rate hikes. Markets saw a classic defensive, value rotation with tech and small cap stocks getting pummelled. Large cap and low vol stocks like banks and industrials outperformed. The Nasdaq closed down 3.3% in its worst day since February 2021. The Dow lost 1.1% and the broader S&P500 was down 1.9%. Negative sentiment is feeding into Asia with futures heavily down in Europe.

USD remains relatively muted as losses were clawed back after the release of FOMC minutes. EUR continues to trade around 1.13. GBP popped up to 1.3598 as the UK Government didn’t announce stricter Covid restrictions. USD/JPY pulled back from the recent high at 116.35, consolidating its recent sharp gains.

Market Thoughts –Hawkish Fed spooks stocks

The sharp rise in bond yields had already got investor’s attention this year. But the FOMC Minutes from its hawkish December meeting put the boot into bonds, pushing yields up to highs last seen in October. Rotation out of stocks that surged during the pandemic picked up pace, as the looming spectre of higher interest rates prompted funds to buy into companies more linked to the recovery.

Clearly the level of bond yields is not that challenging for equities, but it is the pace of change that is hitting sentiment. The rotation has seen the main bank index jump almost 5% this year, closing in on a record high.

The bumpy ride may continue as focus is fully on the Fed, with last night’s minutes suggesting that March is now a “live” meeting with a 75% chance of a rate hike. A rate rise per quarter could also see four in total this year.

Chart of the Day – Nasdaq suffers in market rotation

The joy of Apple hitting the $3trn mark and Tesla delivering a record number of vehicles has been quickly forgotten within a few sessions. The prospect of rising rates lowers the appeal of the tech sector as high growth stocks are particularly sensitive to policy tightening that crimps future earnings potential, in turn knocking the sector’s high valuations.

The tech-heavy Nasdaq had rebounded before Christmas from the early December lows around 14,931. But resistance above 15,796 proved too much and prices plunged yesterday, back below the 100-day SMA at 15,264. The 15k area is initial support with the 200-day SMA below at 14,667.

Recovery signs help risk mood

Overnight Headlines

*USD recoups some of yesterday’s losses even after equity bounce

*US stocks were mostly higher driven by energy and materials, tech lagged

*Fed’s Powell stated US economy was doing better but “not out of the woods” yet

USD is trading around the 50-day SMA on USDX with a firm resistance zone above at the 50% retrace level and mid-March lows around 91.33. Friday’s sharp rally has blunted last month’s 3% uninterrupted sell-off as traders look to central bank meetings (Bank of England and Norges) plus the payroll data at the end of the week.

US equities pushed higher generally overnight with those tied to the economic reopening rallying on signs of global economic recovery as restrictions were relaxed. European stocks have opened higher while the UK FTSE is better bid as it plays catch-up after its bank holiday.

Market Thoughts – Game of waiting

With Japan and mainland China’s markets still closed and the UK coming back to work, the month is off to a fairly slow start. Beneficiaries of a pandemic recovery were in vogue yesterday with value continuing to outperform growth for the fifth consecutive day, while defensives beat cyclicals despite the risk-on mode. The RBA kept policy rates at 0.1% and they are expected to remain there until 2024, when there is set to be enough wage growth from a tighter labour market to push up inflation to the 2-3% range. The bank did revise growth higher but lingering virus uncertainty and below-target inflation warrants the current supportive monetary stance.

Chart of the Day – $1800 gold in sight…

Speculators cuts their longs in gold futures last week and with ETF holdings remaining near one-year lows, gold has been stuck in a $1760-$1798 range over the last few weeks. The dollar’s recent bounce has stopped any bullish momentum in the precious metal, but US bond yields are key and if they roll over, then gold can potentially push higher. (Yields down, gold up, yields up, gold down). Remember too that sharp moves higher in gold historically see heightened volatility. The rejection of prices below $1760 keep the bias bullish but $1800 has been tough to crack, with the 100-day SMA around this mark as well. If bulls can break higher, then the double bottom target is at $1835.

Are Silver and Gold About to Shine?

With the recent running bull markets slipping of late, what could it mean for gold & silver?

First, let’s step back and consider what’s happening fundamentally in the markets today. Or more specifically, let’s consider US Politics, Geo-politics and the overall market health.

Starting with American politics. We have what have been dubbed as the “most important mid-term elections in the history of all mid-term elections” coming up.

Geo-politically, the world is on a knife edge, with tension over Saudi Arabia’s alleged assassination turning heads across the globe. Iran and Israel are at each other’s throats and the situation in Syria shows no signs of getting better. Across the ocean a BREXIT deal is looking less and less likely and in the Americas, trade wars and trade deals are nowhere near anything resembling a resolution.

Why is this important?

Well, despite the gold standard ‘expiring’ in ’71, gold seems to be perfectly priced for economic, market, political and geo-political perfection. And right now, all four of these contributing factors are on the cusp of turning from perfectly peaceful to complete global chaos. That means that the ‘perfection’ that gold is priced at looks to be very short lived.

Let’s Check out the Technicals

You can see that the daily chart of gold on MT4 is currently holding the 50 SMA since its recent pop, though nothing really convincing in terms of a trending move.

While silver does the same and looks to be forming an Inverse Head & Shoulder pattern at the same time.

With the raising of interest rates, we’re seeing a huge amount of money transferring into gold from US treasuries as a ‘safe-haven’ asset, and to aid in hedging against equity market risk. We’re seeing big investment shifts such as Russia ditching nearly all their holdings of US debt and Treasuries, and moving their money into gold, while China are doing the same. But it’s not only the powerhouse countries that are stockpiling gold. We’re seeing plenty of emerging economies as well as countries like Poland, Hungary, Kazakhstan and Mongolia significantly buying up physical gold.

What this all means, is at this stage unclear. However with a high degree of uncertainty in the air, time will tell. If history is any guide, it could spell plenty more turmoil in equity markets and the broader economy as a whole is on its way.