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什么是加密货币挖矿?如何挖比特币

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什么是加密货币挖矿?如何挖比特币

什么是加密货币挖矿?如何挖比特币

Vantage Updated Tue, 2025 May 6 02:03

​​即使您是加密货币新手,您也可能听说过挖矿,这是有原因的。挖矿是支撑加密货币网络的基础流程。与开采有价值的矿物以增加全球供应类似,加密货币挖矿也涉及生成新币并将其投入流通。然而,加密货币挖矿包含一些值得了解的复杂因素。​ 

​​2022 年,全球加密货币挖矿市场规模达到 19.2 亿美元,预计到 2030 年将以每年 8.2% 的速度增长 [1]。像 Marathon Digital Holdings 这样的上市公司,其收入主要来自比特币挖矿。该公司报告称,其收入增长了 37%,达到创纪录的 2.144 亿美元,这表明这项业务的利润空间巨大 [2]。​ 

​​但究竟什么是加密货币挖矿?比特币的挖矿实践又是如何进行的?让我们来一探究竟。​ 

​​加密挖掘如何运作?​ 

​​加密货币挖矿的核心是验证交易并将其记录在区块链上的过程。想象一下,每笔交易都附带一个谜题。矿工使用复杂的计算硬件来解答这个谜题,并将其添加到区块链中。这一维护网络安全的过程为他们赢得了新铸造的加密货币作为奖励。​ 

​​加密货币的挖矿过程通过“​​共识算法嵌入其代码中​​。对于比特币来说,这个过程被称为工作量证明(PoW)。这些算法定义了区块链交易的速度、安全性和去中心化程度。​ 

​​哈希和节点​ 

​​当你进行加密交易时,你的信息会与其他交易捆绑成一个“区块”。该区块需要经过验证才能添加到区块链。​ 

​​这时哈希值就派上用场了。​​哈希值​​是一个固定长度的字符串,可以表示任意大小的数据。挖矿计算机将交易数据作为输入,并对其进行哈希算法(比特币使用 SHA-256)运算,从而生成一个唯一的哈希值。​ 

​​节点​​是连接到网络的计算机,用于存储和更新区块链副本。它们相互通信,以确保每个人都拥有相同版本的交易历史记录。​ 

​​例如,当您向朋友发送 0.01 比特币时,您的交易详情将被哈希处理,由矿工验证,并广播到网络上的所有节点。​ 

​​挖矿​ 

​​为了成功挖出一个区块,矿工必须找到一个符合特定条件的哈希值,该条件通常以一定数量的零开头。这被称为“难度目标”。​ 

​​该过程如下:​ 

​​1. 矿工将待处理的交易收集到区块中​ 

2. 他们在区块中添加了一个随机数​ 

​​3. 他们通过哈希算法运算这些数据​ 

​​4. 如果生成的哈希值不符合难度目标,则更改随机数并重试​ 

5. 第一个找到有效哈希值的矿工将获得区块奖励​ 

​​为什么要挖比特币​ 

​​为什么有人会投资昂贵的设备和电力来挖比特币?以下是一些主要动机:​ 

1. 区块奖励:目前矿工每区块可获得 3.125 个比特币。该奖励最近一次减半是在 2024 年 4 月 20 日,通常大约每四年减半一次 [3]。 

2. 交易费:矿工也会从其区块中包含的交易中收取费用。在高峰时段,这些费用可能会大幅增加。 

3. 网络支持:许多矿工相信比特币网络,并希望为其安全性和去中心化做出贡献。 

4. 未来价值猜测:一些矿工持有自己赚取的比特币,押注未来价格上涨。​ 

​​挖掘比特币需要多长时间? 

​​这个问题的答案很复杂,因为你实际上并不是一次挖一个比特币。相反,矿工们竞争挖出区块,目前每个成功区块可以产出 3.125 个比特币。​ 

​​平均每10分钟就会挖出一个新的比特币区块。然而,您获得的奖励份额取决于您相对于整个网络的挖矿算力(哈希率)。​ 

​​在今天的难度级别下,一台高端 ASIC 矿机,你可能贡献了全网约 0.000001% 的算力。按照这个速度,你预计大约需要 10-15 年才能挖出一个完整的比特币。​ 

​​大多数矿工加入矿池是为了提高挖矿成功率。例如,最大的矿池之一 F2Pool 拥有约 15% 的比特币哈希率,它会将奖励按比例分配给数千名参与者。更直观的例子是,加拿大公司 Hut 8 Mining 报告称,其在 2024 年全年共挖出了 1,184 个比特币 [4]。​ 

​​挖矿所需条件​ 

​​要了解比特币挖矿涉及哪些内容,以下是该过程通常需要的内容:​ 

1. 挖矿硬件:比特币挖矿目前严重依赖 ASIC(专用集成电路),这些设备专为实现最高效率而设计。高性能型号的价格通常高达数千美元,并且能够提供每秒超过 200 的哈希率。​ 

2. 电力:比特币挖矿需要大量电力。一台典型的 ASIC 矿机持续耗电量在 3,000 到 3,500 瓦之间。根据当地电价,每台矿机的每日电费可能高达数美元。 

3. 冷却解决方案:挖矿设备在运行过程中会产生大量热量,因此有效的冷却至关重要。通常需要适当的通风、工业级风扇或浸入式冷却等先进系统来保持最佳性能并防止过热。 

​​4. 挖矿软件:像CGMiner或BFGMiner这样的程序可以将您的硬件连接到比特币网络。 

5. 比特币钱包:存储开采的比特币的安全场所。​ 

6. 矿池会员资格:大多数个人矿工加入 Foundry USA 或AntPool等矿池以获得较小但更稳定的奖励。​ 

​​CleanSpark是一家可持续发展的比特币挖矿公司,其在 2023 年投资了 4050 万美元购买挖矿设备,并在 2024 年共开采了 7024 个比特币 [5,6]。​ 

​​结论​ 

​​加密货币挖矿需要在开始之前仔细考虑设备成本、电费以及日益增加的网络难度。从个人矿工到像 Core Scientific 这样的大型矿场,成功取决于对硬件、位置和时机的战略决策。许多观察人士认为,成熟的矿池通常能够在更稳定的收益和更低的进入门槛之间取得平衡,这体现了人们如何运用不同的策略来支持加密货币网络。​ 

​​参考​

  1. 《2025 年加密货币挖矿市场报告认知市场研究》 https://www.cognitivemarketresearch.com/cryptocurrency-mining-market-report访问日期:2025 4 4  
  2. 比特币矿商股价因意外盈利和创纪录营收而上涨。BTC 价格反弹。——《投资者商业日报》https://www.investors.com/news/mara-stock-q4-2024-earnings-bitcoin-miner-record-revenue/访问日期:2025 4 4  
  3. 比特币减半:它是什么以及它对加密货币投资者的重要性 – Investopedia” https://www.investopedia.com/bitcoin-halving-4843769访问日期:2025 4 4  
  4. “Hut 8 公布 2024 年第四季度及全年业绩 – GlobeNewswire” https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2025/03/03/3035396/0/en/Hut-8-Reports-Fourth-Quarter-and-Full-Year-2024-Results.html访问日期:2025 4 4  
  5. “ CleanSpark斥资 4050 万美元收购 12,500 Antminer S19 XP 比特币矿机 – GlobeNewswire” https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2023/06/01/2680404/0/en/CleanSpark-Buys-12-500-Antminer-S19-XP-Bitcoin-Miners-for-40-5M.html访问日期:2025 4 4  
  6. “ CleanSpark 12 月开采了 668 枚比特币,持有 9952 BTC – CoinMarketCap ” https://coinmarketcap.com/academy/article/0b12cf79-a506-4e33-9d75-e5b749406168 访问日期:2025 4 4
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