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股票代表公司的小型所有权单位,让您拥有其资产和利润的股份。 “股票”一词通常用来指代股票,并且在金融中经常互换使用。

将公司视为披萨,将其股票视为切片。拥有一块意味着您拥有披萨的一部分,就像购买股票使您成为公司的部分所有者一样。如果您拥有不同披萨的切片,那么您就拥有多元化的股票投资组合。

然而,拥有一块并不意味着你可以决定披萨的制作方式——同样,小股东也不能控制公司的决策。您的股权使您有权分享公司的价值和潜在利润,但前提是债务已清偿。

虽然本文解释了股票和股票的基本原理,但值得注意的是 Vantage 是一家差价合约经纪商。差价合约(差价合约)允许您在不拥有标的资产的情况下根据股票的价格变动进行交易。

拥有股票或股份意味着什么?

  • 您拥有公司的一部分,并有权对其资产和收益提出索赔,但前提是在债务和义务得到解决之后。
  • 您可能会收到一部分利润(称为股息)。
  • 您可以对重要的公司决策(例如选举董事会)进行投票,但只有大股东对这些决策拥有重大控制权。

公司为什么要出售股票?

公司出售股票以筹集资金,称为资本,用于以下目的:

  • 扩大他们的业务。
  • 开发新产品。
  • 还清债务。

成长型股票与价值型股票

成长型股票属于预计增长速度快于整体市场的公司。这些公司经常将利润再投资于扩大业务,而不是支付股息。

示例:如果您在亚马逊早期投资,随着该公司从在线书店扩展到全球电子商务巨头,您会看到巨大的增长。

有价值的股票是被市场认为低估的公司的股票。这些公司往往实力雄厚,但可能会被投资者忽视。

示例:宝洁公司(P&G)是典型的价值股。这是一家信誉良好的公司,具有强劲的基本面和持续支付股息的历史。成长型股票和价值型股票之间的差异

成长型股票和价值型股票之间的差异。

特征 成长股 价值股
增长潜力 高的 缓和
风险等级 更高 降低
股息 稀有的 常见的
公司阶段 年轻、快速成长 成立、稳定
示例行业 科技、生物技术、可再生能源 公用事业、消费品、银行

蓝筹股与细价股

蓝筹股是指历史悠久、业绩稳定的大型、成熟公司的股票。它们被称为“蓝筹股”,因为它们被认为是可靠且高质量的。

示例:如果您购买微软的股票,那么您投资的是一家在创新和盈利能力方面拥有良好记录的公司。

细价股与蓝筹股相反。它们是小型、通常是投机性公司的股票,每股交易价格不到 5 美元。

示例:低价股可能是一家正在开发新药的小型生物技术公司。如果该药物获得批准,股价可能会飙升。但如果失败,股票可能会变得一文不值。

蓝筹股和细价股之间的差异。

特征 蓝筹股 细价股
风险等级 低的 高的
流动性 高的 低的
股息 常见的 稀有的
公司规模 大型、成熟 规模小,投机性强
示例公司 可口可乐、微软 Tilray Inc.、尼古拉公司

公开股票与私人股票

公众股票是在证券交易所上市的公司股票,任何人都可以买卖。

示例:如果您购买特斯拉股票,则您投资的是一家上市公司,其股价受到市场趋势、公司业绩和投资者情绪的影响。

私人股票是指未在公开证券交易所上市的公司的股票。这些股份通常由创始人、员工或私人投资者拥有。

示例:在上市之前,Uber 和 Airbnb 等公司通过向投资者出售私人股票筹集了数十亿美元。这些投资者希望在公司最终上市时获利。

公开股票和私人股票之间的差异。

特征 公众股 私人股
可用性 所有人都可以使用 仅限认可投资者
流动性 高的 低的
透明度 高(监管) 低的
风险等级 缓和 高的
示例公司 苹果、亚马逊 SpaceX、首次公开募股前的初创公司

差价合约交易的优势

  1. 杠杆:差价合约提供比传统股票交易更高的杠杆,使交易者能够以更少的资金控制更大的头寸。
  2. 灵活性:差价合约使交易者能够做多(买入)或做空(卖出)股票,从而在上涨和下跌的市场中提供获利的机会。
  3. 成本更低:与购买实际股票相比,交易差价合约通常涉及更低的交易成本,因为没有印花税或实物所有权费用。
  4. 进入全球市场:差价合约经纪商通过单一平台提供进入广泛的全球市场的机会,使交易者能够实现投资组合的多元化。